Used as a key building block in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to its multi-dentate structure and ability to coordinate with metal ions. Its three phthalic acid groups provide multiple binding sites, enabling the formation of porous, high-surface-area materials. These MOFs are applied in gas storage, particularly for CO₂ and H₂, and in catalysis where the framework acts as a support for active metal centers. Also explored in sensing applications because of its ability to interact with specific analytes through fluorescence quenching or enhancement. Additionally, serves as a linker in constructing covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for use in separation processes and drug delivery systems.