Used extensively as a transparent conductive coating in flat panel displays, touchscreens, and OLEDs due to its high optical transparency and electrical conductivity. Commonly found in solar cells to allow light penetration while conducting electricity. Applied in energy-efficient windows for heat reflection without blocking visible light. Also used in anti-static coatings for electronic displays and optical films to prevent dust accumulation. Employed as a resistive element in thin-film circuits and sensors.