Sodium Camptothecin is primarily utilized in the field of oncology as an anticancer agent. It functions by inhibiting the enzyme topoisomerase I, which is crucial for DNA replication and repair in cancer cells. This inhibition leads to DNA damage and ultimately induces apoptosis in malignant cells. It is commonly employed in the treatment of various cancers, including ovarian, colorectal, and small cell lung cancer. Additionally, it is being researched for its potential in combination therapies to enhance efficacy and reduce resistance in cancer treatment. Its water-soluble form allows for easier administration and improved bioavailability in clinical settings.