Widely used in medicine, EDTA disodium salt solution acts as an anticoagulant by binding calcium ions in blood samples, making it essential in hematological testing. It is commonly found in blood collection tubes to prevent clotting. In chelation therapy, it helps remove heavy metals like lead from the body.

In industrial settings, it stabilizes formulations by sequestering metal ions that can catalyze degradation, especially in detergents, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. It also prevents oxidation in food products, extending shelf life.

In laboratories, it is used in buffer solutions for DNA and protein purification, as it inhibits metal-dependent enzymes such as nucleases. It plays a key role in water treatment by softening water through metal ion binding, reducing scale and improving efficiency of cleaning agents.