Widely used in medicine, EDTA disodium salt solution acts as a chelating agent to treat heavy metal poisoning, particularly lead toxicity. It binds to metal ions in the bloodstream, allowing them to be excreted through urine. In dentistry, it helps clean and lubricate root canals by dissolving inorganic debris and removing the smear layer during endodontic procedures.

In laboratory settings, it is essential for cell culture and molecular biology applications, such as disassociating cells by neutralizing calcium and magnesium ions that support cell adhesion. It is also used in blood collection tubes as an anticoagulant by preventing clotting through calcium chelation.

In industrial applications, EDTA disodium solution controls metal ion contamination in cosmetics, detergents, and food products, improving stability and shelf life. It is also employed in water treatment to sequester metal ions that cause hardness, helping to prevent scale formation in pipes and boilers.