Used primarily in organic electronics as a building block for conjugated polymers. It is incorporated into the backbone of semiconducting polymers for applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Its electron-rich structure enhances charge carrier mobility and improves light absorption in solar cells. Also employed in the synthesis of donor-acceptor type copolymers to fine-tune energy levels and bandgaps. The carboxylic acid group allows for further functionalization or anchoring to surfaces in sensor applications.