Used as a high-performance electron-accepting unit in organic semiconductors, particularly in the development of non-fullerene acceptors for organic solar cells. Its rigid, planar structure enhances π-π stacking and promotes efficient charge transport, leading to improved power conversion efficiency. Also employed in the synthesis of n-type conjugated polymers and small molecules for flexible electronics and thin-film transistors. Its strong electron-withdrawing nature makes it suitable for applications requiring air-stable, solution-processable electronic materials.