RepSox is primarily used in biomedical research, particularly in the field of stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. It is known for its role as an inhibitor of the TGF-β receptor, which makes it valuable in studies focused on cell differentiation and reprogramming. Researchers utilize RepSox to induce pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells, aiding in the understanding of cellular mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications. Additionally, it is employed in cancer research to investigate its effects on tumor growth and metastasis, as TGF-β signaling is often implicated in cancer progression. Its ability to modulate cellular pathways makes it a crucial tool in exploring treatments for various diseases.