Used as a key building block in the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to its multiple carboxylic acid groups that readily coordinate with metal ions. Its rigid, star-shaped structure helps create porous, thermally stable frameworks useful in gas storage, separation, and catalysis. Also employed in the development of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and functional polymers for advanced materials research. Its high functionality allows for crosslinking in polymer networks, enhancing mechanical and thermal properties.