Used as a multifunctional organic linker in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) due to its multiple carboxylic acid groups and extended aromatic structure. Enhances framework stability and porosity, making it suitable for gas storage, catalysis, and sensing applications. Its rigid, conjugated system improves electronic properties, useful in optoelectronic materials and luminescent sensors. Also employed in supramolecular chemistry for constructing porous organic polymers with high surface areas.