Used in the production of optical glasses due to its ability to increase refractive index and lower melting temperature, making the glass easier to shape. Employed in electrochemical applications, particularly in the development of sensors and electrodes for detecting various gases and heavy metals. Serves as a catalyst in certain chemical reactions, especially in oxidation processes. Incorporated into semiconductor materials for use in electronic and thermoelectric devices, including thin-film solar cells such as cadmium telluride (CdTe). Also utilized in research for fabricating tellurium-based nanomaterials with potential applications in photovoltaics, infrared detectors, quantum Hall effect materials, and topological insulators for future electronics.