Elacestrant is primarily used in the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women and men. It functions as a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), targeting and degrading estrogen receptors to inhibit cancer cell growth. This makes it effective in cases where the cancer has progressed despite prior endocrine therapies. It is often considered for patients with ESR1 mutations, which are associated with resistance to traditional hormonal treatments. Its oral administration offers a convenient treatment option compared to injectable alternatives. Ongoing research explores its potential in broader cancer therapy applications.