Silica-SH is widely used in the field of material science for surface modification and functionalization. Its thiol groups (-SH) enable it to act as a coupling agent, enhancing the adhesion between organic polymers and inorganic materials. This makes it valuable in creating composites with improved mechanical properties, such as increased tensile strength and durability. In the pharmaceutical industry, Silica-SH is utilized in drug delivery systems, where it helps in the controlled release of active pharmaceutical ingredients by providing a stable and functionalized surface. Additionally, it plays a role in environmental applications, such as the removal of heavy metals from wastewater, as the thiol groups can effectively bind to metal ions, facilitating their extraction and purification. In nanotechnology, Silica-SH is employed to stabilize nanoparticles and prevent their aggregation, ensuring uniform dispersion in various matrices. Its versatility also extends to the production of sensors, where it enhances the sensitivity and selectivity of detection systems by providing specific binding sites for target molecules.