Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in esterification, hydration, and alkylation reactions due to its strong acidity and stability. Employed in the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals where selective and efficient catalysis is required. Also utilized in petrochemical processes such as isomerization and biofuel production from vegetable oils. Applied in electrochemical systems and fuel cells as a proton-conducting component in membranes, as well as in gas sensors due to its conductivity properties with moisture or specific gases. Utilized in analytical chemistry for detecting and precipitating certain cations. Also finds use in the synthesis of nanomaterials, supercapacitors, and as a precursor for tungsten-based functional materials.