Used in the food industry as a dough conditioner in baking to improve texture and reduce mixing time. It acts as a flavor enhancer in meat and savory products, providing a natural taste, and as an antioxidant to extend shelf life. In the pharmaceutical sector, it serves as a precursor for antioxidants like N-acetylcysteine and detoxifying agents, aiding in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose and supporting metabolic health. Additionally, it is employed in cosmetics and personal care products for its hair-strengthening and skin-conditioning properties. In biotechnology, it is utilized as a reducing agent to stabilize proteins and enzymes.