Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in esterification and polymerization reactions. It facilitates the formation of esters and resins, making it valuable in the production of coatings, adhesives, and plastics. Also employed in the pharmaceutical industry for synthesizing active ingredients and intermediates. In analytical chemistry, it serves as a reagent for detecting and quantifying specific compounds. Its hygroscopic nature makes it useful in moisture-sensitive applications. Additionally, it is utilized in the textile industry for dyeing and finishing processes.