Threitol is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry as a chiral building block for the synthesis of various drugs, particularly those requiring specific stereochemistry. It serves as a precursor in the production of antiviral and anticancer agents, where its structural properties enhance the efficacy of the final compounds. In biochemistry, threitol is utilized as a cryoprotectant to stabilize proteins and enzymes during freezing, preserving their functionality. Additionally, it finds applications in the food industry as a low-calorie sweetener and humectant, helping to retain moisture in products. Its role in organic synthesis extends to the creation of complex molecules for research and industrial purposes.