2-Hydroxy-17β-estradiol is primarily used in research and medical studies to understand its role in estrogen metabolism and its potential effects on the human body. It is investigated for its ability to modulate estrogen receptor activity, which can influence various physiological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and reproductive functions. In cancer research, this compound is studied for its potential to inhibit the growth of estrogen-dependent tumors, such as breast cancer, by interfering with estrogen signaling pathways. Additionally, it is explored for its antioxidant properties, which may contribute to its protective effects against oxidative stress-related diseases. Researchers also examine its impact on bone health, cardiovascular function, and neuroprotection, making it a compound of interest in developing therapeutic strategies for conditions like osteoporosis, heart disease, and neurodegenerative disorders.