Zoniporide hydrochloride is primarily investigated for its cardioprotective properties, particularly in the context of ischemia-reperfusion injury. It functions as a potent and selective inhibitor of the sodium-hydrogen exchanger subtype 1 (NHE-1), which plays a critical role in regulating intracellular pH and sodium levels in cardiac cells. By blocking NHE-1, it helps reduce sodium and calcium overload in myocardial cells during ischemic events, thereby minimizing cell damage and improving cardiac function post-reperfusion. This makes it a promising candidate for therapeutic use in conditions such as myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery, where protecting heart tissue from damage is crucial. Additionally, research has explored its potential in other areas, such as neuroprotection and reducing tissue injury in stroke models, though these applications are still in early stages of investigation.