ICA-121431 is primarily used in research settings to study the function and modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels, particularly Nav1.1 and Nav1.3. These channels play a critical role in the generation and propagation of electrical signals in neurons. By selectively inhibiting these channels, this compound helps researchers investigate their role in neurological disorders such as epilepsy, chronic pain, and certain types of neuropathic conditions. Its application in preclinical studies aids in understanding the mechanisms of channelopathies and contributes to the development of potential therapeutic strategies targeting sodium channel dysfunction. Additionally, it serves as a valuable tool in electrophysiological studies to explore the physiological and pathological roles of specific sodium channel subtypes in the nervous system.