Used as a coupling agent in composite materials to improve adhesion between organic polymers and inorganic surfaces. Enhances the durability of coatings, sealants, and adhesives by promoting better bonding to glass, metals, and ceramics. Commonly applied in construction and automotive industries where moisture resistance and long-term stability are critical. Also utilized in the formulation of water-repellent treatments for masonry and concrete due to its ability to form hydrophobic surfaces. Participates in sol-gel processes to modify surface properties and enable functional coatings with improved scratch and corrosion resistance.