Used as a coupling agent in hybrid organic-inorganic materials, particularly in sol-gel processes. Enhances adhesion between organic polymers and inorganic surfaces like glass, metals, and ceramics. Commonly applied in coatings, sealants, and composites to improve mechanical strength, durability, and moisture resistance. Also utilized in the production of silica-based networks for optical materials and protective films due to its ability to form stable cross-linked structures.