Used as a coupling agent in hybrid organic-inorganic materials, enhancing adhesion between polymers and inorganic surfaces such as glass, metals, and ceramics. Its structure allows dual functionality: the silane groups hydrolyze to form stable bonds with metal oxides, while the central hydroxyl and ether groups interact with organic matrices, improving mechanical strength and durability in coatings, composites, and sealants. Commonly applied in sol-gel processes to create transparent hybrid films with improved thermal and chemical resistance. Also utilized in modifying silica nanoparticles for controlled dispersion in polymer resins.