Used as a coupling agent in surface modification, particularly for introducing azide functional groups onto silica or glass surfaces. The azide group enables click chemistry reactions, especially copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC), allowing efficient attachment of biomolecules, polymers, or fluorescent tags. Commonly applied in biosensor development, microarray fabrication, and functional coating preparation where precise surface functionalization is required. Also utilized in nanotechnology and bioconjugation workflows to create covalently linked hybrid materials. Stable under normal conditions and effective in aqueous and organic solvent systems, making it suitable for multi-step surface engineering processes.