Canagliflozin is primarily used in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It works by inhibiting the sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, which prevents the reabsorption of glucose and promotes its excretion through urine. This mechanism helps lower blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes. Additionally, it has shown benefits in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes, particularly in patients with existing cardiovascular disease. Canagliflozin is also used to improve glycemic control in adults when diet and exercise alone are not sufficient. It may contribute to weight loss and a reduction in blood pressure, making it a valuable option for patients with diabetes who are overweight or have hypertension.