Vilazodone is primarily used as an antidepressant medication for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. It works by combining two mechanisms: it acts as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and a partial agonist of serotonin 5-HT1A receptors. This dual action helps to increase serotonin levels in the brain, which can improve mood, reduce anxiety, and alleviate symptoms of depression.

Patients typically take vilazodone orally, once daily, with food to enhance absorption and reduce potential side effects. It is important to follow the prescribed dosage and consult a healthcare provider before starting or stopping the medication, as abrupt discontinuation may lead to withdrawal symptoms.

Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, and dizziness. While vilazodone is generally well-tolerated, it may not be suitable for everyone, particularly those with a history of bipolar disorder or certain medical conditions. Regular monitoring by a healthcare professional is recommended to ensure its effectiveness and safety.