Tandospirone is primarily used in the treatment of anxiety disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). It functions as a partial agonist at serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, which helps to modulate serotonin levels in the brain, leading to reduced anxiety symptoms. The medication is often prescribed for its anxiolytic effects, providing relief without the sedative or addictive properties commonly associated with benzodiazepines. Additionally, tandospirone has been explored for its potential benefits in treating depression, particularly in cases where anxiety is a significant component. Its favorable side effect profile makes it a suitable option for long-term management of chronic anxiety conditions.