Alvelestat is a selective inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, an enzyme that plays a key role in tissue degradation during inflammatory processes. It is primarily investigated for its therapeutic potential in chronic lung diseases characterized by excessive neutrophil activity and inflammation. Alvelestat has shown promise in clinical development for conditions such as bronchiectasis and alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, where uncontrolled neutrophil elastase activity leads to progressive lung damage. By inhibiting this enzyme, Alvelestat helps preserve lung tissue, reduce exacerbations, and potentially slow disease progression. Its oral bioavailability makes it a convenient option for long-term management of these chronic respiratory conditions. Research is ongoing to evaluate its efficacy in other neutrophil-driven inflammatory diseases.