Used in semiconductor manufacturing, particularly in the production of high-performance electronic devices. Enhances the conductivity and stability of components in integrated circuits. Applied in thin-film technologies for creating precise and reliable layers in microelectronics. Utilized in research and development for exploring new materials with unique electrical properties. Also employed in advanced optical coatings, improving the performance of lenses and mirrors in scientific instruments. Plays a role in the fabrication of sensors and detectors, ensuring high sensitivity and accuracy in various applications.