Used primarily in surface modification and functionalization, this chemical is applied in the creation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on metal surfaces, particularly gold. It enhances the adhesion and stability of coatings in nanotechnology and biosensor applications. Its phosphoric acid group allows for strong binding to metal oxides, making it useful in corrosion inhibition and surface protection. Additionally, it is employed in the development of biocompatible surfaces for medical devices and implants, improving their integration with biological tissues. Its thiol group facilitates attachment to gold nanoparticles, enabling applications in drug delivery and diagnostic systems.