Used in microbiology for the detection and confirmation of coliform bacteria, particularly in water and food samples. It serves as a selective and differential medium where lactose-fermenting bacteria produce gas and acid, indicated by a color change due to the pH-sensitive dye. Commonly employed in the most probable number (MPN) method to estimate the concentration of coliforms. Also used in the examination of dairy products, beverages, and pharmaceuticals to ensure microbial safety and compliance with health standards.