Used extensively in organic synthesis, particularly for the oxidative cleavage of vicinal diols to produce aldehydes or ketones. This reaction is crucial in carbohydrate chemistry for analyzing and modifying sugar structures.

In biochemistry, it is employed to oxidize glycoproteins and glycolipids, aiding in the study of complex biomolecules. It also plays a role in labeling and detecting specific biomolecules in research.

Additionally, it is utilized in the preparation of diagnostic reagents and in the modification of surfaces for biosensor applications. Its strong oxidizing properties make it valuable in various industrial processes, including the production of specialty chemicals and materials.