Used as a buffering agent in various biochemical and molecular biology applications to maintain stable pH levels in solutions. It is commonly employed in the preparation of cell culture media, electrophoresis buffers, and protein purification processes. In the food industry, it serves as an emulsifier and stabilizer, enhancing texture and shelf life in processed foods. Additionally, it is utilized in water treatment to prevent corrosion and scale formation in boiler systems. Its role in pharmaceuticals includes acting as an excipient in tablet formulations to improve dissolution and stability.