Used as a dispersing agent in industrial cleaning formulations to prevent redeposition of dirt on surfaces. Acts as a water softener in detergents by sequestering calcium and magnesium ions. Employed in food processing as an emulsifier and stabilizer, particularly in processed cheeses and canned seafood. Applied in textile processing to improve dye uniformity and prevent mineral deposits during rinsing. Also utilized in water treatment to inhibit scale formation in cooling systems and boilers.