Used as a key ingredient in buffer solutions for biochemical and analytical applications due to its ability to maintain stable pH levels. Commonly found in cleaning products, including laundry detergents and household cleaners, where it enhances the cleaning power by softening water and removing stains. Employed in the production of fiberglass and insulation materials for its fluxing and strengthening properties. Widely used in ceramic glazes to lower the melting point and improve thermal shock resistance. Also utilized in metallurgy as a flux for brazing and welding, helping remove oxide layers from metal surfaces. Found in some cosmetics and skincare products as a buffering and emulsifying agent, though use is limited due to regulatory restrictions. Historically used as a preservative in some eye drops and antiseptics, but this application has declined due to safety concerns.