Used as a buffering agent in cleaning products to maintain pH stability. Common ingredient in laundry detergents and automatic dishwasher detergents for water softening and stain removal. Employed in the production of fiberglass and insulation materials. Acts as a flux in metallurgy and in the manufacture of borosilicate glass for heat resistance. Found in some cosmetics and skincare products as a preservative and emulsifier. Used in biochemistry for buffer solutions in electrophoresis and nucleic acid purification. Also utilized in fire retardants and as a component in soldering fluxes.