Used as a key ingredient in buffer solutions for biochemical and analytical applications due to its ability to maintain stable pH levels. Commonly employed in the formulation of eye drops and contact lens solutions as a buffering agent. Widely utilized in the production of glass and ceramics, especially heat-resistant borosilicate glass, enhancing thermal shock resistance and mechanical strength. Acts as a flux in metallurgy and welding, lowering the melting point of metal oxides. Applied in wood preservation as a fungicide and insecticide, protecting against termites and decay. Used in laundry detergents and cleaning products for its water-softening and stain-removal properties. Also serves as a fire retardant in cellulose insulation and textiles.