Used as a buffering agent in cleaning products and cosmetics to stabilize pH. Common in laundry detergents and automatic dishwashing liquids for water softening and stain removal. Employed in the production of borosilicate glass for heat resistance. Acts as a fire retardant in wood treatments and insulation materials. Utilized in metallurgy as a flux to remove oxide impurities during welding and brazing. Found in agricultural formulations as a source of boron for plant nutrition. Also used in biochemical applications, such as electrophoresis buffers for DNA and RNA separation.