Used as a buffering agent in cleaning products, laundry detergents, and laboratory solutions to maintain optimal pH levels. Acts as a water softener by binding to metal ions, improving cleaning efficiency. Employed in the formulation of adhesives and cellulose insulation for its fire-retardant and antimicrobial properties. Commonly found in household and industrial disinfectants due to its mild antiseptic action. Utilized in the production of borosilicate glass and ceramics to enhance thermal and chemical resistance. Also applied in metallurgy as a flux to remove oxide impurities during welding and soldering processes. In agriculture, used in small amounts as a boron supplement for nutrient-deficient soils to support plant growth, though high concentrations can be toxic to plants.