Used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories to maintain stable pH during enzymatic reactions, especially in DNA and RNA purification processes. Effective in reverse transcription and PCR applications due to its ability to stabilize nucleic acids and enzymes. Also employed in protein purification and chromatography as a buffering agent. Commonly used in industrial dyeing processes to control pH and improve dye uptake. Acts as a de-icing agent with less environmental impact compared to chloride-based salts. Used in leather tanning to regulate acidity and enhance processing efficiency.