Sodium molybdenum oxide (sodium molybdate) is widely used as a corrosion inhibitor in metal surface treatments, particularly in cooling systems, boilers, and water treatment to prevent rust and corrosion from water and air. It serves as an effective additive in coolants, lubricants, and antifreeze formulations to enhance protection of metal components. In the petrochemical industry, it functions as a catalyst or catalyst precursor in refining processes, notably hydrodesulfurization for removing sulfur from crude oil. It is also employed in the production of molybdenum-based pigments, additional corrosion inhibitors, and as a precursor for molybdenum metal, alloys (used in high-strength steels and electronic components), and other molybdenum compounds applied in ceramics and alloys. Furthermore, it is utilized in electrochromic devices and smart windows due to its ion-intercalation properties.