Used as a flux in analytical chemistry for decomposing refractory oxides and silicates, especially in sample preparation for X-ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectroscopy. It helps dissolve minerals and alloys by lowering the melting point of samples during fusion processes. Also employed in metal surface cleaning and electroplating baths to improve adhesion and remove oxides. In industrial settings, it acts as a sulfating agent in organic synthesis and catalyst preparation. Its strong oxidizing and dehydrating properties make it suitable for glass and ceramic manufacturing to modify surface properties and enhance durability.