Used as a buffer in molecular biology, especially in yeast transformation protocols (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) to enhance cell wall permeability and facilitate the uptake of DNA during genetic engineering experiments. Commonly used in combination with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salmon sperm DNA to improve gene delivery efficiency. Also employed as a buffer in the isolation and purification of nucleic acids due to its pH control properties.

Additionally, serves as a source of lithium ions in catalytic reactions and in the preparation of lithium-containing materials for ceramics and specialty glasses. Its dihydrate form provides stability in storage and handling under ambient conditions.