Used as a flux in sample preparation for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), enabling complete dissolution of refractory materials like ceramics, minerals, and ores. Facilitates the analysis of metal oxides and trace elements by forming a homogeneous glassy bead when fused with the sample. Also employed in borate-based buffer systems for analytical chemistry and in the production of specialty glasses and ceramics due to its ability to modify thermal and mechanical properties. Plays a role in lithium-ion battery research as a component in solid electrolytes and protective coatings.