Lithium sulfate is primarily used in the production of lithium-based batteries, especially in specialized battery systems where high thermal stability is required. It serves as a source of lithium ions in electrolytes and can be used in solid-state batteries due to its ionic conductivity when doped or combined with other materials.

It is also employed in the manufacturing of electroceramics and certain types of glass and ceramics, where it acts as a flux and helps reduce melting temperatures while improving durability and thermal shock resistance.

In analytical chemistry, lithium sulfate is used as a buffering agent in X-ray fluorescence (XRF) sample preparation, helping to minimize matrix effects and improve measurement accuracy.

Additionally, it has applications in the pharmaceutical industry as an intermediate in the synthesis of mood-stabilizing drugs, particularly in research related to bipolar disorder treatments, although it is not used directly as a medication.