Used as a water-tolerant Lewis acid catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly effective in promoting Friedel-Crafts acylations, glycosidation, and Diels-Alder reactions. Its stability in aqueous conditions makes it suitable for reactions where moisture is present, offering advantages over traditional Lewis acids that hydrolyze easily. Also employed in esterification and transesterification processes, including biodiesel production, due to its reusability and low environmental impact. Shows good activity in carbohydrate chemistry and synthesis of fine chemicals.