Used as a source of calcium ions in biological and chemical research, particularly in cell culture and enzyme activation processes. Commonly employed in molecular biology for transformation of competent cells, where it enhances membrane permeability to DNA. Utilized in food processing as a firming agent for canned vegetables and tofu production. Applied in wastewater treatment to improve sludge dewatering and enhance coagulation. Serves as a desiccant in drying tubes and as a humidity control agent in packaging. Also found in medical formulations for calcium supplementation in certain intravenous solutions.