Used as a catalyst in organic synthesis, particularly in Friedel-Crafts acylation and alkylation reactions. It is also employed in the production of bismuth-based pharmaceuticals due to its low toxicity compared to other heavy metal salts. Commonly utilized in the formulation of bismuth-containing ceramics and electronic materials for their dielectric properties. Applied in analytical chemistry as a reagent for detecting the presence of certain anions. Also used in the preparation of bismuth oxide, which finds use in fire retardants, pigments, and radiation shielding materials.