Ruthenium on carbon is widely used as a heterogeneous catalyst in various chemical transformations. It is particularly effective in hydrogenation reactions, where it promotes the addition of hydrogen to organic compounds such as alkenes, aldehydes, ketones, and aromatic rings under moderate conditions. This catalyst is favored for its high activity, selectivity, and ease of separation from the reaction mixture due to its solid form.

It plays a key role in fine chemical synthesis, including the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, where selective hydrogenation is crucial. Ruthenium on carbon is also employed in the reduction of nitro compounds to amines and in the dehydrogenation of certain substrates. Its support on carbon enhances dispersion of the metal, improves stability, and allows for reuse in many industrial processes, making it cost-effective and efficient. Additionally, it is used in some cases for oxidation reactions and in fuel cell applications as a catalyst component.