Widely used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), this ruthenium-based complex acts as a photosensitizer, efficiently absorbing sunlight and initiating electron transfer to generate electrical current. Its molecular structure allows for strong visible light absorption and good stability, making it ideal for converting solar energy into electricity. It is also employed in photocatalytic systems for water splitting and CO₂ reduction due to its ability to participate in redox reactions under light irradiation. Additionally, it serves as a model compound in photochemical research, helping scientists study electron transfer mechanisms and design new materials for renewable energy applications.